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GLOSSARY

GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase)

A liver enzyme sensitive to alcohol use and bile duct problems. Often elevated before other liver enzymes.

What is GGT?

GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, bile ducts, and kidneys. It's involved in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.

GGT is particularly sensitive to alcohol consumption and bile duct obstruction. It often rises before other liver enzymes like ALT and AST, making it an early warning sign.

Normal Ranges

GroupGGT Level
Adult men8–61 U/L
Adult women5–36 U/L

Why It Matters

Alcohol Use Detection

GGT is one of the most sensitive markers for chronic alcohol consumption. Even moderate regular drinking can elevate GGT.

Bile Duct Problems

Elevated GGT with elevated ALP suggests bile duct obstruction rather than bone disease (ALP alone can be from either).

Cardiovascular Risk

Interestingly, elevated GGT is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, possibly through its relationship with oxidative stress.

What Raises GGT

  • Alcohol — Even moderate amounts
  • Medications — Many drugs are metabolized by GGT
  • Bile duct obstruction
  • Fatty liver disease
  • Heart failure
  • Obesity

Related Biomarkers

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