Phosphorus
A mineral essential for bones, energy production, and cell function. Levels are regulated alongside calcium by PTH and vitamin D.
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What is Phosphorus?
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body after calcium. About 85% is in bones and teeth; the rest is involved in energy production (ATP), DNA/RNA structure, and cell membrane integrity.
Phosphorus and calcium work together — their levels are inversely related and regulated by PTH and vitamin D.
Normal Ranges
| Phosphorus Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| 2.5–4.5 mg/dL | Normal (adults) |
| Higher in children | Normal (growing bones need more) |
Why It Matters
Kidney Function
The kidneys regulate phosphorus excretion. In chronic kidney disease, phosphorus accumulates, contributing to bone disease and cardiovascular calcification.
Bone Health
Phosphorus balance is essential for bone health. Both too little and too much can weaken bones.
High Phosphorus (Hyperphosphatemia)
Common causes:
- Chronic kidney disease (most common)
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Excessive phosphorus intake
- Cell destruction (tumor lysis, rhabdomyolysis)
Low Phosphorus (Hypophosphatemia)
Common causes:
- Malnutrition or malabsorption
- Alcoholism
- Refeeding syndrome
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency